中文文法與中文寫作.3 中英文句型的轉換.3
是誰在第二次世界大戰中使美軍首次遭逢軍機被擊落的命運？
是日本台南海軍航空隊。
然而，坂井三郎(Saburō Sakai )參與了這場戰役，日本官方卻未將這次的勝利歸功於他。
以下是英文維基百科對這件事的敘述：
On the third day of the battle, Sakai claimed to have shot down a B-17 flown by Captain Colin P. Kelly. Sakai, who has often been credited with the victory, was a Shotai leader engaged in this fight with the bomber, although he and his two wingmen do not appear to have been given official credit for it.
這段話以中文來表達，仍然牽涉到句型轉換的問題。
首先是 On the third day of the battle, Sakai claimed to have shot down a B-17 flown by Captain Colin P. Kelly. 這句話的後半部 a B-17 flown by Captain Colin P. Kelly是屬於被動結構，在轉換成中文表達時，必須透過以下的語構來表達：
由 A 所 + 動詞 +的+名詞
也就是：
由機長Colin P. Kelly 所駕駛的B-17 。
On the third day of the battle, Sakai claimed to have shot down a B-17 flown by Captain
Colin P. Kelly.以中文表達則是：
在這場戰役的第三天，坂井宣稱已經擊落由機長 Colin P. Kelly 所駕駛的 B-17 。
要注意：On the third day of the battle也要做結構的轉換。要先說戰役，然後再說第幾天，否則直接按照字面翻譯成「第三天的戰役」，顯然就和原文的意思有所出入。
最複雜的中英文轉換是以下這句：
Sakai, who has often been credited with the victory, was a Shotai leader engaged in this fight with the bomber, although he and his two wingmen do not appear to have been given official credit for it.
在中文裡，要先從 although he and his two wingmen do not appear to have been given official credit for it. 這句先說：
雖然日本官方在他們的判斷中，並未因這次勝利授予他和他的兩名隨從戰機人員戰功。
appear to 和 seem to 的用法相同，都是表達「被判斷是......( to be judged to be:)」的意思，也就是指日本官方的判斷。to have been given official credit for it 是被動結構，轉換成中文，要以以下語構表達：
施事者(指日本官方) + 述語(授予) + 受事者(他和他的兩名隨從戰機人員)+抽象名詞(戰功)
Sakai, who has often been credited with the victory, was a Shotai leader engaged in this fight with the bomber,
這句話中的who has often been credited with the victory也是被動句，但施事者不明。在中文裡，施事者不明的情況下，可以「人們」來當施事者。 has often been是指「從以前到現在都是經常如此」的意思，也就是「一直以來」和「經常」搭配的結構。credit someone with something 是指認為某人擁有某個成就，也就是將某個成就歸功於某人。因此轉換成中文主動句時，可以以下的方式表達：
一直以來，人們經常將這次的勝利歸功於他。
至於was a Shotai leader engaged in this fight with the bomber該怎麼以中文表達呢？
Shotai 應該是Shōtai 的誤寫，是日文しょうたい的英文拼音，也就是中文「小隊」的意思。Shotai leader 就是小隊長。engage in sth 是參與某事，在這裡使用被動態，是指奉日本政府的命令參與這場戰鬥。engaged in this fight with the bomber是指和負責投擲炸彈的士兵受命一同參與這場戰鬥。整句以中文表達則是：
是一位小隊長，和負責投擲炸彈的士兵受命一同參與這場戰鬥。
On the third day of the battle, Sakai claimed to have shot down a B-17 flown by Captain Colin P. Kelly. Sakai, who has often been credited with the victory, was a Shotai leader engaged in this fight with the bomber, although he and his two wingmen do not appear to have been given official credit for it.
以上這段英文以中文表達則是：
在這場戰役的第三天，坂井宣稱已經擊落由機長 Colin P. Kelly 所駕駛的B-17 。雖然日本官方在他們的判斷中，並未因這次勝利授予他和他的兩名隨從戰機人員戰功，但坂井是一名小隊長，他和負責投擲炸彈的士兵受命一同參與這場戰鬥，因此一直以來，人們經常將這次的勝利歸功於他。
